An arthrogram is a procedure in which a Radiologist, using X-ray guidance (fluoroscopy), injects a contrast solution directly into a joint. The contrast, which is an iodine and a gadolinium (used in some MRIs) solution, enhances the visualization of joint structures and improves the evaluation of joint abnormalities.

An arthrogram may be performed on most joints, including shoulders, knees, hips, elbows, wrists, and ankles. Arthrograms can be done as a stand-alone test, but most are done in conjunction with a MRI or CT exam.

The equipment used to perform an arthrogram includes a fluoroscope (c-arm), a radiographic table and two television-like monitors. The fluoroscope is a fluorescent X-ray device, which transmits moving images of a joint in real-time. The images from the fluoroscope provide the Radiologist with a clear view of the joint, ensuring that the Radiologist reaches the joint space and that the contrast material is injected into the right area.